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Fig. 1 | Genome Biology

Fig. 1

From: Potentially adaptive SARS-CoV-2 mutations discovered with novel spatiotemporal and explainable AI models

Fig. 1

a) Ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations (dN/dS) per gene (barplots). We used full-length sequences harboring 395 variable coding sites from GISAID to estimate ratios from the 385 haplotypes detected (see “Methods”). Genes with less than ten mutations across the population and haplotypes with fewer than five individuals were excluded. Ten genes (E, nsp7, nsp8, nsp10, nsp16, ORF6, ORF7A, ORF7B, and ORF8) are likely under high purifying selection at the nucleotide level given that both synonymous and non-synonymous mutations are rare. All changes in a gene were used to calculate dN/dS. Barplots are centered over the strongest signal in a gene. b) Wavelet analysis of non-synonymous (top) and synonymous (bottom) mutations across the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Arrows indicate mutation sites discussed in the text. The y-axis corresponds to the density of the wavelet across the genome as a log-scale. Higher values indicate a broader wavelet and thus coarser granularity

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