Fig. 4

Circadian cycle influence on cancer cell dissemination. The circadian rhythm influences the neuroimmune-endocrine system, with clear differences between day and night. These observations can be summarized as two synergic “immune environments”. Disruptions of these biological cycles can facilitate cancer progression and dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Therefore, cancer cells must adapt to efficiently progress through the metastatic cascade. Potential influence of the a normal and b disrupted circadian cycle on CTCs and cancer dissemination