Fig. 3

Comparisons of the CG epimutation rates and spectra. a Shown are the estimates (± 95% confidence intervals) of the genome-wide (global) CG epimutation rates for the different pedigrees. For comparison, we also show the range of previous estimates from A. thaliana MA lines (A. thaliana (2015)); see van der Graaf et al. (2015). In poplar, the estimated per-year epimutation rates were converted to per-generation rates by assuming a generation time of 15 years and 150 years. The gain and loss rates are all well within one order of magnitude of each other, and differences are mostly within estimation error. The dashed vertical lines mark off the lower and upper range of the point estimates. b Side-by-side comparison of “germlines” and somatic epimutation rate estimates (± 95% confidence intervals) in A. thaliana MA lines and poplar, respectively, for selected genomic features. The rank ordering of the magnitude of these rates is similar. For A. thaliana, the order of presentation of the pedigrees is MA3, MA1_3, and MA1_1 (from bottom to top within each feature). Feature-specific rates could not be obtained in dandelion since no annotated assembly is currently available