Fig. 5
From: RNA G-quadruplex structures exist and function in vivo in plants
RG4 regulates plant growth and translation. a Violin plot of translation efficiency (TE) of transcripts for predicted but undetected RG4s (RG4 undetected) and detected RG4s (RG4 detected) using rG4-seq. TE of transcripts with detected RG4s is significantly lower than that of RG4 undetected transcripts (P < 10−13, Student’s t test). b rG4-seq and SHALiPE profiles of the RG4 region on 3′UTR of HIRD11 (AT1G54410). The in vivo SHALiPE profile resembled the in vitro SHALiPE profile with K+ (the last G in G tracts of the RG4 region indicated by black arrows) but not the in vitro SHALiPE profile with Li+, indicating the folded state of this RG4 in vivo. c Schematic diagram of HIRD11 showing the T-DNA insertion site of hird11-1 (GABI_494_A09). d Relative mRNA abundance of HIRD11 in Col-0 and hird11-1 plants indicated the hird11-1 is a knock-down mutant; error bars indicate SE. e Sequences of wild-type RG4 (wtRG4, left) and disrupted G-rich region with G to A mutation (mutRG4, right) on HIRD11. f, g RG4 modulates plant growth. Representative 6-day-old plants of Col-0, hird11-1, complemented hird11-1 with wild-type RG4 (hird11-1-comp-wtRG4) and complemented hird11-1 with mutated RG4 (hird11-1-comp-mutRG4) (f), and average primary root lengths (g) of more than 20 plants for each genotype, 3 representative lines out of 6 independent lines for wtRG4 plants and 9 independent lines for mutRG4 plants were shown. Significant differences were evaluated by one-way ANOVA/Tukey HSD post hoc test (P < 0.05). Error bars indicate SE. h Analysis of polysome-associated HIRD11 mRNA in the transgenic plants. RNA abundance of HIRD11 in each polysome associated fraction was detected by qRT-PCR and quantified as a percentage relative to their total amount, error bars indicate SE