Fig. 1

a Two instances of reference bias that could be corrected by a personalized genome. One read is mapped to the incorrect location in the reference genome. The other read is unmapped in the reference genome, but becomes mapped in the personalized genome. b Phased personalized genomes can be implemented in several ways. The reference can be patched with called variants to create a pair of modified personal genomes (MPGs). Alternatively, a sequence graph genome could be augmented with an individual’s alleles (GPG). Finally, the entire personal genomic sequence can be assembled de novo (DPG)