Fig. 2

Analysis of RMP tissue specificity expression in different species. a Heatmap of z-scaled log(TPM) values of catalytic RNA writer proteins (M: methyltransferases; D: deaminases; P: pseudouridylases) throughout human and mouse tissues. In both human and mouse, testis has the most distinct RMP expression pattern in which many genes show very high expression, whereas other tissues such as colon show moderate expression level of RMPs. b Scatter plots depicting tissue specificity analysis, which have been computed by representing the RMP mRNA expression values in a given tissue (y-axis) relative to the mean mRNA abundance in all tissues (x-axis). Scatter plots show that testis has a significant number of tissue-specific genes in both human and mouse, while colon shows no tissue-specific genes in human and only one in mouse. Tissue-specific genes are labeled in red. c Venn diagram of the conservation of tissue specificity between human and mouse. Out of 26 common tissue-specific genes, 16 of them are specifically expressed in the same tissue. d Principal component analysis of amniote tissues based on the log(RPKM) mRNA expression of their RMPs. The loadings plot (left) shows the contribution of each RMP to the clustering of amniote tissues. The score plot (right) shows the clustering of each tissue, where testis tissue (in red) is the main contributor to the variance of the data, and is found apart from the rest of the amniote tissues for every given species. e Schematic representation of the fate of the 46 RMW duplication events shown in Fig. 1, showing that 89% of them suffered a change in their tissue and/or target specificity