Fig. 5

Covariate-adaptive FDR control methods increase the power to detect age-associated DMPs. a Percent changes in detected DMPs from the ST method for different method-covariate combinations. Changes with more than 1% are displayed in corresponding cells. b Distribution of the significance rank of the gold standard age-associated DMPs (aDMPs) for different covariates using the IHW method. The circle represents the median rank for the specific covariate. A lower rank indicates a more significant result. The dashed line indicates the median rank for the ST method. c Distribution of significance rank of the aDMPs for different methods using the methylation “mean” as the covariate