Fig. 4From: High-resolution modeling of the selection on local mRNA folding strength in coding sequences across the tree of lifeFolding bias (∆LFE) is positively correlated with genomic CUB (measured as ENc′) throughout the CDS. This correlation indicates stronger folding bias exists in species with stronger CUB at all regions of the CDS. a Correlation strength (R2, measured using GLS regression) between genomic ENc′ and ∆LFE at different positions relative to the CDS start (left) and end (right). R2 values below the X-axis indicate negative regression slope (i.e., negative correlation with ∆LFE). The regression slope generally has the opposite sign as ∆LFE, indicating strong ∆LFE is correlated with strong codon bias throughout the CDS. Major taxonomic groups are plotted as different colored lines. White dots indicate regression p value < 0.01. b Comparison of ∆LFE profile values in species with strong vs. weak CUB. Species with strong CUB (yellow, ENc′ ≤ 56.5) tend to have more extreme ∆LFE and show the conserved ∆LFE regions more clearly, while species with weak CUB (blue, ENc′ > 56.6) tend to also have weak ∆LFE. c Genomic ENc′ values plotted using coordinates determined by ∆LFE profiles. Species with strong CUB (left plot, lower left quadrant and right plot, right side) have stronger ∆LFE profiles that more strongly adhere to the conserved ∆LFE regions. Coordinates are based on PCA for profile positions 0–300 nt relative to CDS start (left) and end (right). The PCA coordinates are the same as those in Fig. 3bBack to article page