Fig. 6
Association of gut microbiome features with obesity defined by body mass index. Beta and 95% confidence intervals were derived from linear regression models relating body mass index categories with 16S Shannon index (left) and Prevotella to Bacteroides ratio (right), after adjustment for age, sex, field center, intake of vegetables without potatoes, intake of whole fruit, intake of whole grains, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (continuous), diabetes (three groups), length of visit to home country (continuous), education level (four groups), income level (five groups), antibiotic in last 6 months (binary), and metformin use (binary). Asterisks indicate P < 0.05. Body mass index (BMI) defined as normal, 18.5 to 25 kg/m2; overweight, 25 to 30 kg/m2; class I obesity, 30 to 35 kg/m2; class II obesity, 35 to 40 kg/m2; and class III obesity, BMI above 40 kg/m2. CI, confidence interval