Fig. 2

Similarity of the infant macaque gut microbiome to human children. a Principal coordinate analysis (PcoA) of Bray-Curtis distances between gut microbial communities of pre-weaned 1-month-old infant rhesus macaque and human infants between 6 months and 2 years of age from the USA (western), Malawi (developing), and Amerindians (developing) at the genus (L6) level. b Bar graphs illustrating the average Bray-Curtis distances between 1-month-old infant macaques and human (6 months–2 years) from western (USA) and developing (Malawi, Amerindians) countries (one-way ANOVA p < 0.001, with Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparison test, ****p < 0.0001, error bars = SEM). c Principal coordinate analysis (PcoA) of Bray-Curtis distances between gut microbial communities of post-weaned 8-month-old infant rhesus macaque and human infants between 2 and 6 years of age from the USA (western), Italy (western), Malawi (developing), Amerindians (developing), and Burkina Faso (developing) at the genus (L6) level. d Bar graphs illustrating the average Bray-Curtis distances between 8-month-old infant macaques and human (2–6 years old) from western (USA and Italy) and developing (Malawi, Amerindians, and Burkina Faso) countries (one-way ANOVA p < 0.001, with Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparison test, ****p < 0.0001, error bars = SEM)