Fig. 5

Gene expression associated with schizophrenia in NeuN⁺ and OLIG2⁺. a Heatmap of szDEGs for each cell type with covariates indicated. b The first principal component of the DEGs was associated with diagnosis. Red dotted line corresponds to P = 0.05. c Volcano plot showing szDEGs. X-axis indicates the log₂(fold change), and Y-axis indicates log₁₀(FDR). szDEGs (FDR < 0.01) are colored. d Comparisons of differentially expressed genes in schizophrenia from the current study with the BrainSeq and CMC data. We used genes that are classified as differentially expressed in all three datasets (each dot represents a gene, 63 genes are common to NeuN⁺, CMC, and BrainSeq, and 49 to OLIG2⁺, CMC, and BrainSeq). The X-axes represent the fold change between control and schizophrenia in CMC or BrainSeq datasets, and the Y-axes represent the log₂(fold change) between control and schizophrenia in the current datasets, for either NeuN⁺-specific or OLIG2⁺-specific genes. Regression line and confidence interval are shown for each comparison. e Barplot highlighting the enrichment for trait-associated genetic variants. Bars correspond to NeuN⁺ (cyan) and OLIG2⁺ (magenta) szDEGs. Red dashed line corresponds to the FDR threshold of 0.05. X-axis shows the acronyms for the GWAS data utilized for this analysis (ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASD, autism spectrum disorders; BIP, bipolar disorder; ALZ, Alzheimer’s disease; MDD, major depressive disorder; SZ, schizophrenia; CognFun, cognitive function; EduAtt, educational attainment; Intelligence, intelligence; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; DIAB, diabetes; HGT, height; OSTEO, osteoporosis). f Enrichment map for szDEGs (up-/downregulated) and the top 1000 szDMPs (X-axis shows genic annotation). Enrichment analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact test. Reported odds ratios and FDRs within parentheses for NeuN⁺ (top) and OLIG2⁺ (bottom)