Fig. 9

Gcm acts as a pioneer factor promoting Hox binding. a Representative ChIP-Seq and ATAC-Seq profiles showing chromatin opening by Gcm and promotion of Dfd binding. b Representative ChIP-Seq and ATAC-Seq profiles showing chromatin opening by Gcm and promotion of Ubx binding. c Boxplot of ATAC scores in Gcm-enhanced Hox binding regions for Hox, Hox in the presence of Gcm (Hox+Gcm), Gcm and, as a reference, the basal Kc167-cell (Kc) ATAC scores. Both Hox+Gcm show increased ATAC scores compared to Hox alone; p values < 0.01, Dunn’s Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison. The high median ATAC scores for Gcm show that these regions are generally open in the presence of Gcm alone. Although the Kc167 ATAC scores cannot be directly compared to the stable cell line ATAC score data, the low median scores indicates that these regions are relatively inaccessible in the basal Kc167 state. d Boxplot of ChIP-seq scores in the same regions as in c showing Hox ChIP, Hox ChIP in the presence of Gcm (Hox+Gcm), and Gcm ChIP. e Density plots of mean ATAC-seq scores for 200 bp Hox group peak regions (stable)