Fig. 1

Simulation settings and results. a Prediction accuracy of LASSO, elastic net, I-Boost-CV, and I-Boost-Permutation measured by risk correlation under three different settings. b The average number of variables selected by the four methods under three different settings. Different types of the selected variables are represented by different colors. c MSE of the four methods under three different settings. The error is decomposed into errors of parameters for different data types, as represented by different colors. d Number of signal variables and distribution of signals across different data types for the three simulation settings. The number of signal variables is zero if the proportion of signals of the data type is 0%. Abbreviations are as follows: GeneExp represents individual gene expression, Module represents gene module, Clinical represents clinical variable, CNV represents copy number variant, Mutation represents somatic mutation, miRNA represents microRNA expression, and Protein represents protein expression