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Table 1 Examples of transgenesis for disease resilience and other production traits

From: Livestock 2.0 – genome editing for fitter, healthier, and more productive farmed animals

Genetic modification/transgenesis

Trait

Species

Transgene

Reference(s)

Increased growth

Pig

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)

[35,36,37]

Salmon

GH (Chinook salmon), promoter (Ocean pout)

[38]

Larger ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids

Pig

Fat-1 (Caenorhabditis elegans)

[39,40,41,42,43]

Reduction of the environmental impact through phosphorous & nitrogen release reduction

Pig

Phytase (Escherichia coli)

[44]

Phytase (E. coli), xylanase (Aspergillus niger), β-glucanase (Bacillus lichenformis)

[45]

Avian influenza resilience

Chicken

shRNA decoy (synthetic)

[48]

Mastitis resilience

Goat

Lysozyme (human)

[50]

Cow

Lysostaphin (Staphylococcus simulans)

[52]

PRRSV resilience

Pig

Histone deacetylase HDAC6

[67, 94]

  1. Abbreviations: GH growth hormone, PRRSV porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, sh short hairpin