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Table 1 Different fold change cutoff threshold of sex-biased gene expression along five developmental stages in Rana temporaria

From: Evolutionary and developmental dynamics of sex-biased gene expression in common frogs with proto-Y chromosomes

Developmental stage

Cutoff threshold (fold change)

Female-biased (%)f

Male-biased

Sex-biased (p value)e

Gosner stage 23

5% FDRa

1

0

NA

≥ 2b

1

0

NA

≥ 4c

0

0

NA

≥ 8d

0

0

NA

Gosner stage 27

5% FDR

1 (11.1)

8

XY° bias tendency .

≥ 2

1 (11.1)

8

XY° bias tendency .

≥ 4

1 (11.1)

8

XY° bias tendency .

≥ 8

1 (11.1)

8

XY° bias tendency .

Gosner stage 31

5% FDR

10 (40)

15

XY° bias tendency .

≥ 2

10 (40)

15

XY° bias tendency .

≥ 4

10 (40)

15

XY° bias tendency .

≥ 8

8 (38.1)

13

XY° bias tendency .

Gosner stage 43

5% FDR

998 (86.8)

152

XX bias***

≥ 2

998 (86.9)

150

XX bias***

≥ 4

949 (89.4)

112

XX bias***

≥ 8

878 (94.2)

54

XX bias***

Gosner stage 46

5% FDR

9337 (60.5)

5999

XX bias***

≥ 2

8474 (63.7)

4823

XX bias***

≥ 4

4314 (92.2)

367

XX bias***

≥ 8

1910 (95.8)

84

XX bias***

  1. aBased on FDR correction for multiple testing. XY°-biased: log2(m/f) > 0, XX-biased: log2(m/f) < 0
  2. bXY°-biased: log2(m/f) ≥ 1, XX-biased: log2(m/f) ≤ − 1
  3. cXY°-biased: log2(m/f) ≥ 2, XX-biased: log2(m/f) ≤ − 2
  4. dXY°-biased: log2(m/f) ≥ 3, XX-biased: log2(m/f) ≤ − 3
  5. eSignificance codes are 0.001 ‘***’, 0.1 ‘.’
  6. fPercentage among all sex-biased genes at certain developmental stage within a certain fold change category