Fig. 6
From: Mutational signatures reveal the role of RAD52 in p53-independent p21-driven genomic instability
Single nucleotide substitutions (SNSs) cluster around chromosomal breakpoints in cells with continuous p21WAF1/Cip1 expression. a, b Diagrams depict a dense distribution of SNSs (purple triangles) in genome areas surrounding chromosomal breakpoints (green triangles), suggestive of the kataegis phenomenon (intense vertically lined piles of SNSs denoted by the purple triangles), relative to disparate distribution of SNSs in the remaining genome of escaped (Esc-30 days induced), Saos2- (a) and Li-Fraumeni- (b) p21WAF1/Cip1 Tet-ON cells. Note that the total number of chromosomal breakpoints (green triangles) depicted is double as each side of a break corresponds to a different chromosomal arm (Additional file 6: Table S2). The dashed genome areas are depicted as magnifications of representative breakpoints. Green colored dashed areas signify representative breakpoints that show a high positional conservation in all experimental (biological) repetitions. Position of breaks and distribution of SNSs, nucleotide insertions (INS) and nucleotide deletions (DEL) in these examples is depicted in the corresponding subchromosomal magnifications. c, d Histograms depict the clustering frequency of SNSs (c) as well as INS and DEL (d) over all breakpoints in the genome of escaped (Esc-30 days induced) Saos2- and Li-Fraumeni-p21WAF1/Cip1 Tet-ON cells (see also Additional file 6: Table S2)