Fig. 1

High fat diet shaped host microbiota prior to the appearance of obesity in a sex-dependent manner. a, b Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LDA) at family level for bacteria from male (a) and female (b) mice on different diets for 20 weeks. c, d LDA showed differentially enriched microbiota in HFD (c) and LFD (d) groups in male and female mice at family level. e, f Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of Bray-Curtis distance for bacteria at 0, 1, and 2 months of the two diets in male (e) and female (f) mice. g, h Relative abundance of bacteria at phylum level in male (g) and female (h) mice fed a HFD or LFD for 0, 1, and 2 months of the two diets. n = 10 per group for 16s sequencing analysis; n = 4–5 per group for the time-course study