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Fig. 9 | Genome Biology

Fig. 9

From: Comparative genomics reveals high biological diversity and specific adaptations in the industrially and medically important fungal genus Aspergillus

Fig. 9

Linking species-level differences in selected Aspergillus stress-defense proteins to major stress tolerance phenotypes. The remarkable Cd(II) tolerance of A. fumigatus and A. sydowii (a), the outstanding menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) tolerance of A. brasiliensis (b) and the osmophility of A. glaucus and A. wentii (c) were attributed to variations in the cadmium transporting P-type ATPases (a), Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutases (b), and NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (c), respectively. In this Figure, the stress sensitivities of A. nidulans are also presented for comparison (ac), although this species lacks any Pca1 ortholog (Additional file 15). In the dendograms, putative orthologs of baker’s yeast Pca1 cadmium transporting P-type ATPase (a), Aspergillus nidulans SodA Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (b), and A. nidulans GfdA/B NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (c) are shown. In (c), S. cerevisiae Gpd1/2 paralogs are also presented. Putative A. sydowii () and A. fumigatus () Pca1 orthologs (a) and putative A. glaucus () and A. wentii () GfdA orthologs (c) are indicated by symbols presented in the parentheses. Hypothetical new-type SodA enzymes found in A. brasiliensis are indicated by red lines in (b). Pca1, SodA, and GfdA/B orthologs are indicated by four-letter species name identifiers (listed in Additional file 15) and locus IDs as found in AspGD (http://www.aspergillusgenome.org/) for the aspergilli. The relevant JGI locus IDs are listed in Additional file 16. The Gpd1/2 paralogs of budding yeast are from the Saccharomyces Genome Database (http://www.yeastgenome.org/). Photographs on the tress tolerance/sensitivity phenotypes were taken from the Fungal Stress Database (http://www.fung-stress.org/). Further details of the phylogenetic and evolutionary calculations and more information on the stress response proteins can be found in Additional file 15

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