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Fig. 3 | Genome Biology

Fig. 3

From: Controlling bias and inflation in epigenome- and transcriptome-wide association studies using the empirical null distribution

Fig. 3

Bias in transcriptome-wide association studies. Histogram of test statistics from the TWAS of age in the LifeLines (LL) cohort. Each panel shows a different null distribution. a Theoretical null (green): normal distribution with mean and variance (0.0, 1.02), b empirical null (brown): normal distribution with estimated mean and variance using our Bayesian method (0.23, 1.52), c inflated null (purple): normal distribution with zero mean and variance equal to the estimated inflation estimated using the genomic control method (0.0, 1.52), and d permutation null (pink): normal distribution with permutation-based estimates of mean and variance (−0.006, 1.12). For comparison the theoretical null (green) is shown in each panel

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Genome Biology

ISSN: 1474-760X

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