Table 3 Multivariate model that regresses epigenetic age acceleration on participant characteristics in the WHI. Coefficients and p values from regressing measures of intrinsic and extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration on participant characteristics from dataset 1

Race/ethnicity

Hispanic vs. African American

–0.94 (0.35)

0.007

3.363 (0.439)

<10^–15

White vs. African American

0.71 (0.295)

0.016

1.94 (0.37)

1.6 × 10^–7

0.006 (0.01)

0.558

–0.003 (0.013)

0.799

Triglyceride

0.003 (0.002)

0.059

0.004 (0.002)

0.04

Insulin

0 (0.001)

0.664

0.001 (0.001)

0.337

Glucose

0.003 (0.004)

0.486

0.007 (0.005)

0.112

CRP

0.023 (0.018)

0.215

0.052 (0.023)

0.023

Creatinine

0.703 (0.594)

0.237

1.985 (0.745)

0.008

BMI

0.035 (0.021)

0.103

0.045 (0.027)

0.093

Education

High school (HS) vs. no HS

0.357 (0.426)

0.403

–0.784 (0.534)

0.142

Some college vs. no HS

0.469 (0.381)

0.219

–1.171 (0.478)

0.014

College vs. no HS

0.486 (0.519)

0.349

–2.253 (0.65)

0.001

Grad school vs. no HS

0.36 (0.424)

0.396

–1.648 (0.531)

0.002

Alcohol

Past drinker vs. Never

1.668 (1.1)

0.13

–0.598 (1.379)

0.665

Light drinker vs. Never

–0.101 (0.536)

0.85

–0.751 (0.672)

0.264

Moderate vs. Never

–0.416 (0.748)

0.578

–0.401 (0.937)

0.669

Heavy vs. Never

–0.354 (0.88)

0.687

–0.833 (1.103)

0.45

Smoking

Former vs. Current

–0.573 (1.039)

0.581

–0.104 (1.302)

0.936

Never vs. Current

–0.376 (1.039)

0.718

–0.122 (1.303)

0.925

Diabetes

0.216 (0.43)

0.616

–0.061 (0.539)

0.909

Hypertension

0.364 (0.241)

0.131

0.262 (0.302)

0.386

R-squared

0.029

0.069