Fig. 4

Differentiation between elite lines (EL) and landraces (LR) for candidate genes. The upper panel shows the differentiation (F _ST ) between 66 Flint elite lines and 31 Flint-type landraces for (a) Flint (blue) and (b) Dent (red) candidate gene sets. The lower panel depicts the differentiation between 70 Dent elite lines and seven Dent-type landraces for (c) Dent (red) and (d) Flint (blue) candidate gene sets. The boxplots show F _ST values for all (A; gray) genes except the candidates, the candidate (C) genes, and for the subset of candidates associated with flowering time (FT). Boxplots show the upper and lower quartile, median (horizontal bar), and whiskers (vertical bars) of the F _ST values. Points above and below the whiskers indicate values ± 1.5 times the interquartile range. Significance of two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum tests with p < 0.05 are indicated by * and with p < 0.001 by **. For details see Additional file 7: Table S9