Fig. 9

Conserved localisation of KATNBL1 to the ciliary base region. a mRFP-tagged KATNBL1 is enriched at the basal body and ciliary axoneme, as well as the nuclear membrane. Cells are counterstained for ARL13B (magenta). Scale bars, 20 μm. b PalMyr assay visualising the interaction between KIAA0556 and KATNBL1 in a cell system. The PalMyr tagged protein (green) is targeted towards the cell membrane. The interacting protein, tagged with mRFP (red), follows this induced localisation at the cell membrane, apparent from the overlay of both the green and red signals. Single transfected cells are shown in Additional file 6b. Scale bars, 20 μm. c The expression of a C. elegans KATNBL1 homologue, F47G4.5, is mostly restricted to ciliated cells. Shown are fluorescence images of worms expressing a transcriptional GFP reporter under the control of the F47G4.5 promoter, which stains the entire cell. DiI (red) co-stain identifies six pairs of ciliated amphid neurons in the head and both pairs of ciliated phasmid neurons in the tail. Arrowheads denote cells with both red and green signals. Other ciliated head cells are identifiable by long dendritic processes (arrows) extending to the anterior end of the worm. Scale bars, 20 μm. d The C. elegans F47G4.5 protein localises near the base of cilia and occasionally in the ciliary axonemes. Shown are fluorescent images of the anterior head (top left image), phasmid cilia (top right images) and amphid cilia regions of transgenic worms expressing F47G4.5::GFP alone (top left and middle images) or F47G4.5::GFP together with the ciliary transition zone marker MKS-5::tdTomato (top right and bottom images). Two colour images are maximum projections of a Z-stack series imaged on a spinning disk confocal microscope. ax ciliary axoneme, tz transition zone, bb basal body, den dendrite. The dashed box in the schematic denotes the imaged region in the adjacent panels. Scale bars, 5 μm (top left image), 2 μm (all other images)