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Fig. 2 | Genome Biology

Fig. 2

From: Resources for the design of CRISPR gene editing experiments

Fig. 2

Genetic perturbations enabled by engineered CRISPR/Cas9 systems. a Knockout approaches generate loss-of-function (LOF) alleles by means of insertion/deletion (indel) mutations incurred by erroneous repair of DNA double-strand breaks by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). b Knock-in approaches aim to introduce defined mutations [e.g., an insertion or single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)] encoded by repair templates that exploit endogenous homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanisms. c Transcriptional inhibition with CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) employs endonuclease-dead Cas9 (dCas9), or transcriptional repressors fused to dCas9, to suppress gene transcription. d Overexpression with CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) employs transcriptional activators fused to dCas9 to activate gene transcription. In addition, single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) have been engineered that contain aptamers to recruit additional transcriptional activator complexes

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