Fig. 2

GGI network topological patterns of human genes related to their divergence times. a Distribution of PPI network connectivity (numbers of interactions) for genes from different phylogenetic branches. b Distribution of genes from different phylogenetic branches from another PPI network connectivity reconstructed with a more stringent threshold. c Distribution of average Betweenness (log10-based) within each gene group in the PPI network. d Distribution of GC (gene co-expression) network connectivity for genes from different phylogenetic branches. The error bars show the standard error of the mean for each group of genes, and the dash line indicates the polynomial regression correlation between network centralities (that is, Connectivity, Betweenness) of genes and their divergence times. Numbers near each data point are phylogenetic branch assignments for each group of genes. The divergence time of each gene age group was assigned as the middle time point for each branch and the oldest branch (branch 0) is arbitrarily set as 500 myr