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Table 1 Gene and primer details used for quantitative PCR

From: A depauperate immune repertoire precedes evolution of sociality in bees

Gene

Putative gene function

NCBI accession

Forward primer

Reverse primer

Product size (base pairs)

AK

Arginine kinase, housekeeping

AF_492888

CTGGACTCTGGTGTCGGTAT

GTCTTTTGGTGGATGCTTGT

129

PLA2

Phospholipase A2, housekeeping

FN_391388

TATCTTTCAATGCCCAGGAG

GTCGTAACAAATGTCATGCG

129

ef1α

Elongation factor 1α

XM_003401944

GCTGGTGACTCGAAGAACAATC

GGGTGGTTCAACACAATAACCTG

74

BGRP1

Recognition receptor, Toll pathway

XM_003397996

AACGTGGAAGTCAAAGATGG

GCGAACGATGACTTGGTATT

206

BGRP2

Recognition receptor, Toll pathway

XM_003394713

TAACTCCCTTTGGAAACACG

GGCGGTAAAATACTGAACGA

249

PGRP-S1

Recognition receptor, Imd pathway

XM_003400112

TTTCCATGTTGCTCGCTTCG

CGCGGTTTCCCTTTCGATATTAG

77

PGRP-LC

Recognition receptor, Imd pathway

XM_003396463

CAGCCACCTACGACAGATTT

GTACATTCCGCTTGTGTCCT

101

PGRP-SA

Recognition receptor, Toll pathway

XM_003401893

CGTGAAGGAGCTCATACCAT

CCAGGACTCATAGTGGCTGT

200

PGRP-SC2

Recognition receptor, Imd pathway

XM_003493213

TTGGTTGGCGAAGATGGAAAC

CGCGCTTGGATTATGACCAAC

132

pelle

Signal molecule, Toll pathway

XM_003399470

TAAATCGACCTATGCAAGCC

GGGTATAGCTGCTTCTGCTG

107

relish

Signal molecule, Imd pathway

XM_003399472

CAGCAGTAAAAATCCCCGAC

CAGCACGAATAAGTGAACATA

156

basket

Signal molecule, JNK pathway

XM_003402794

GGAACAAGATAATCGAGCAACTG

CTGGCTTTCAATCGGTTGTG

177

hopscotch

Signal molecule, JAK/STAT pathway

XM_003401903

CACAGACTGAAGCAGGTTGA

CATATGGGTAATTTGGTGCC

353

abaecin

Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)

XM_003394653

GCCACAATATGTGGAATCCT

ATGACCAGGGTTTGGTAATG

141

apidaecin

Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)

XM_003402966

CCCGACTAATGTACCTGCCA

GAAGGTGCGAATGTGTTGGA

131

defensin

Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)

XM_003395924

GTCTGCCTTTGTCGCAAGAC

GACATTAGTCGCGTCTTCTTCG

139

hymenoptaecin

Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)

XR_132450

TTCATCGTACTGGCTCTCTTCTG

AGCCGTAGTATTCTTCCACAGC

85

TEPA

Effector molecule, JAK/STAT pathway

XM_003399699

GCGTTCTATGACCACCTGTT

TACAGGTTACTCCACAGCCC

212

lysozyme3

Bacteriolytic effector

XM_003394052

TATGGGCAAGAAGATTCGAC

GTGTACATCGTTCACGCATC

219

transferrin

Iron-binding protein, antibacterial

XM_003401163

CAATTTCTTCACCGCATCCT

CCTCGTTATTTGGCTTGCAT

131

ferritin

Iron transportation protein

XM_003393332

AAAGAATTGGACGCAAATGG

CAGCGAACTGATGTCCAAGA

259

serpin27a

Serine protease inhibitor, prophenoloxidase cascade

XM_003392985

CCGATCATCCATTCGTATTC

ACCTGCACTTGATATCCCTG

164

PPO

Prophenoloxidase, melanin synthesis

HM142999

AGCGGCATAATACGTTGTGT

CCGAGGGATAGAAAGTCTCC

329

punch

Enzyme, melanin synthesis

XR_131852

ATTGCCAGGACACTTTCAAC

TACAAGCTGGAAACGGAAAC

211

kayak

JNK pathway

Bter:08277927

ACGCAATATGGGTGGCAGAA

TGAACGAAGACGACAGACCG

271

serpin 3/4A

Novel serine protease inhibitor

XM_003399138

GCAGAGACAAATGTTGAAGCAC

CACAGTCTGGGATAATGAAGAACC

78

serpin 3/4B

Novel serine protease inhibitor

XM_003399140

ATGGTGCTTTGTTCATCAGTCG

GACCCAATGACAGCAGTAACAG

97

alaserpin

Novel serine protease inhibitor

XM_003399139

TGCTGAAATGCTAGATGACACG

GCATATCGCTCGTTAACTCAGG

104

argonaute 2

RNA-interference, possible antiviral function

XM_003398481

AATTGCAAGATCAACCTGCC

CCTACCCAAAGACAAGGCAA

175

aubergine

RNA-interference, possible antiviral function

XM_003400641/XM_003400642

GTCGCCCTTCTGCATATCTC

AAGATCGAACTGCTATCCGC

190

decay

Caspase mediating apoptosis

XM_003399921

AAGAAGACCTCGGTCCTTAGAC

CAGCTGCAAATGAAGTAATGCG

74