Figure 3

Distribution of sites that exhibit differential DNA methylation between female and male pancreatic islets. (A-D) The absolute difference in DNA methylation of individual sites with a significant difference in methylation between male and female pancreatic islets (q <0.05, based on an FDR analysis) divided into 5% bars. The absolute differences in DNA methylation of sites on the autosomal chromosomes with significantly higher methylation levels in females compared with males (n = 1,120) (A) or significantly higher methylation levels in males compared with females (n = 403) (B). The absolute differences in DNA methylation of sites on the X chromosome with significantly higher methylation levels in females compared with males (n = 6,136) (C) or significantly higher methylation levels in males compared with females (n = 4,088) (D) based on FDR with q <0.05. (E,F) The distribution of significant sites (q <0.05, delta β-value >5%) versus all analyzed sites on the autosomal chromosomes in relation to genomic regions (E) and CpG island regions (F). (G,H) The distribution of significant sites (q <0.05, delta β-value >5%) versus all analyzed sites on the X chromosome in relation to genomic regions (G) and CpG island regions (H). Asterisks indicate significant (corrected P-value <0.05) based on a chi2 test of observed and expected significant and non-significant number of sites in each region. P-values in (E-H) have been corrected for multiple testing using Bonferroni correction.