Figure 4

Complementary metabolic pathways between the brown planthopper and its yeast-like symbiont. (A) Interactions of the amino acid biosynthetic pathways of BPH and YLS within the fat body (FB). The green and blue areas represent the BPH fat body and endosymbiont cell, respectively. Essential amino acids are represented by solid pink circles and non-essential amino acids by solid blue circles. YLS genes are represented by grey boxes labeled with Enzyme Commission numbers or enzyme names corresponding to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation of the YLS genome. BPH genes are represented by red boxes. (B) Genes involved in nitrogen recycling and ammonia assimilation pathways. (C) Genes involved in the steroid biosynthesis pathway. In (B,C), YLS genes are represented by blue ovals with blue numbers representing Enzyme Commission codes corresponding to the KEGG annotation of the genome. BPH genes are represented by pink ovals with pink numbers. Genes identified in both the YLS and BPH genomes are represented by pink ovals with blue numbers. A nonsense mutation was found in the ERG5 gene (red asterisk).