Transcriptome analyses of primitively eusocial wasps reveal novel insights into the evolution of sociality and the origin of alternative phenotypes

Table 3 Isotig and isogroup differential expression in the comparison of only queen and worker castes

Caste	Up-regulated (q > 0.6) isogroups (isotigs)	Isogroups with recognized homologs	Isogroups with annotated homologs	Putative lncRNAs (total identified = 3,824)
Queen	112 (163)	91 (55.8%)	51 (45.5%)	6 (5.3%)
Worker	1,797 (2,380)	347 (19.3%)	217 (12.1%)	339 (18.86%)

Significant differences between queens and workers in the numbers of isogroups and isotigs found as differentially expressed by NOISeq at a threshold of q > 0.6 (chi-square value, 1,083 (1d.f.); P < 2.2e-16); number and percentage of differentially expressed genes with significant homologs recognized in GenBank NR database (chi-square value 102 (1d.f.); P < 2.2e-16); the number and percentage of annotated homologs (chi-square value, 70 (1d.f.); P < 2.2e-16); number and percentage of putative lncRNAs (chi-square value, 236 (1d.f.); P < 2.2e-16) are given.

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