Figure 4

Archaeological and genetic evidence for the peopling of Greenland. (a) Archaeological evidence suggests two waves of migration to Greenland: Paleo-Eskimo (Saqqaq) about 4,500 YA (red) and Neo-Eskimo (Inuit) about 1,000 YA (black). The place of origin of the Saqqaq migration was unknown. (b) Genetic evidence suggests a Saqqaq origin in Siberia. The modern populations most similar to the Saqqaq mtDNA, Y chromosome and autosomes are all located in Siberia or the Aleut Islands. These maps represent initial and final locations, but not the route taken.