| Gene product and functional properties | Reported functional studies in cancer |
---|---|---|
LOH genes | Â | Â |
   BRCA1 | Breast cancer 1, a nuclear phosphoprotein involved in maintaining DNA stability | Tumor suppressor function [43] |
   MSH3 | MutS homolog 3, a subunit of MutS beta involved in DNA mismatch repair | Genetic instability caused by loss of MSH3 in cancers [44] |
   PCGF2 | Polycomb group ring finger 2, involved in protein-protein interaction and transcription repression | Tumor suppressor function [45] |
   PDGFRL | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-like, a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor | Mutation and gene loss correlated with breast cancer progression [46] and prostate cancer [47] |
   BCR | Breakpoint cluster region | Putative tumor suppressor in meningiomas [48] |
ASE genes | Â | Â |
   DSC3 | Desmocollin 3, a cell adhesion molecule in cadherin family | Epigenetic silencing of DSC3 is a common event in breast cancer [49] |
   FGFR2 | Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase | Hypermethylation of FGFR2 found in gastric cancer [50] |
   MYEOV | Myeloma overexpressed, a putative transforming gene | Epigenetically inactivated in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas [51] |
   TNFRSF10D | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10 d, a member of TNF-receptor superfamily | Aberrant methylation in multiple tumor type and mapped to tumor suppressor region in prostate cancer [52, 53] |
   MGMT | O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, a DNA repair gene | Methylation of MGMT in many types of cancers [41, 42, 54] and associated with poorer overall and disease-free survival [55] |