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Table 4 Selected list of LOH or ASE genes: known or putative tumor suppressor genes

From: Systematic detection of putative tumor suppressor genes through the combined use of exome and transcriptome sequencing

 

Gene product and functional properties

Reported functional studies in cancer

LOH genes

  

   BRCA1

Breast cancer 1, a nuclear phosphoprotein involved in maintaining DNA stability

Tumor suppressor function [43]

   MSH3

MutS homolog 3, a subunit of MutS beta involved in DNA mismatch repair

Genetic instability caused by loss of MSH3 in cancers [44]

   PCGF2

Polycomb group ring finger 2, involved in protein-protein interaction and transcription repression

Tumor suppressor function [45]

   PDGFRL

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-like, a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor

Mutation and gene loss correlated with breast cancer progression [46] and prostate cancer [47]

   BCR

Breakpoint cluster region

Putative tumor suppressor in meningiomas [48]

ASE genes

  

   DSC3

Desmocollin 3, a cell adhesion molecule in cadherin family

Epigenetic silencing of DSC3 is a common event in breast cancer [49]

   FGFR2

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase

Hypermethylation of FGFR2 found in gastric cancer [50]

   MYEOV

Myeloma overexpressed, a putative transforming gene

Epigenetically inactivated in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas [51]

   TNFRSF10D

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10 d, a member of TNF-receptor superfamily

Aberrant methylation in multiple tumor type and mapped to tumor suppressor region in prostate cancer [52, 53]

   MGMT

O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, a DNA repair gene

Methylation of MGMT in many types of cancers [41, 42, 54] and associated with poorer overall and disease-free survival [55]

  1. LOH, loss of heterozygosity; ASE, allele-specific expression.