Expansion of the human mitochondrial proteome by intra- and inter-compartmental protein duplication

Table 3 Independent duplications and parallel relocalizations in the human and yeast lineages have happened multiple times during evolution

	Human		Yeast
Family	Mitochondrial	Non-mitochondrial	Mitochondrial	Non-mitochondrial
Thioredoxins	TXN, TXN2	TXNDC2	TRX3	TRX1, TRX2
Glutaredoxins	GLRX2	GLRX, GLRXL	GRX2	GRX1 (nucleus)
Isocitrate dehydrogenases [NADP]	IDH2	IDH1	IDP1	IDP2, IDP3 (peroxisome)
Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferases	BCAT2	BCAT1	BAT1	BAT2
Serine hydroxymethyltransferases	SHMT2	SHMT1	SHM1	SHM2

Rows show proteins targeted to mitochondria and their paralogs targeted to other subcellular compartments in both human and yeast. Non-mitochondrial homologs (both human and yeast) are cytosolic if not indicated otherwise.

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