Table 1 Confirmed mutations discovered in eleven endpoint strains of MG1655 adapted to growth in lactate minimal media

LactA

crp

cAMP response protein

Regulator

t452a

CTG->CAG

L151Q

hfq

RNA binding protein

Regulator

c28t

CCG->TCG

P10S

ydjO

Predicted protein

-

t138g

GGT->GGG

G46G

~87 kb duplication (3946000-4033000)

LactB

gcvT

Glycine cleavage system

Metabolic

Δ1 bp (971)

Frameshift

~44 kb duplication (1248300-1292200)

LactC

rph-pyrE

RNase PH/orotate phosphoribosyltransferase

Metabolic

Δ82bp

Frameshift

cya

Adenylate cyclase

Regulator

c547t

CTT->TTT

L183F

infC

IF-3

Translation

g283a

GAA->AAA

E95K

LactD

rph-pyrE

RNase PH/orotate phosphoribosyltransferase

Metabolic

Δ82 bp

Frameshift

ppsA

Phosphoenolpyruvate synthase

Metabolic

c288a

ATC->ATA

I96I

atoS

AtoS/AtoC two component regulatory system

Regulator

a1367c

CAA->CCA

Q456P

relA

ppGpp synthetase

Regulator

a956c

TAT->TCT

Y319S

rho

Transcription termination factor

Regulator

c304t

CGC->TGC

R102C

hepA

RNAP recycling factor

Regulator

c2665t

CAA->TAA

Q889(stop)

kdtA

KDO transferase

Cell envlp.

t701a

GTA->GAA

V234E

LactE

ppsA

Phosphoenolpyruvate synthase

Metabolic

c17t

TCG->TTG

S6L

acpP

Acyl carrier protein

Metabolic

g50t

GGC->GTC

G17V

hfq

RNA binding protein

Regulator

c28t

CCG->TCG

P10S

crp

cAMP response protein

Regulator

t497c

ATC->ACC

I166T

ydcI

Putative transcriptional regulator

-

g41a

CGC->CAC

R14H

yjbM

Predicted protein

-

g141a

ATG->ATA

M47I

~140 kb duplication (3620000-3760000), ~87 kb duplication (3946000-4033000)

LactF

rph-pyrE

RNase PH/orotate phosphoribosyltransferase

Metabolic

Δ82 bp

Frameshift

kdtA

KDO transferase

Cell envlp.

g292a

GGG->AGG

G98R

rpoC

RNA polymerase

Regulator

c2524t

CGT->TGT

R842C

argS

Arginyl-tRNA synthetase

Translation

g110c

GGC->GCC

G37A

~12 kb duplication (1774000-1786000)

LactG

rph-pyrE

RNase PH/orotate phosphoribosyltransferase

Metabolic

Δ82 bp

Frameshift

trpB

Tryptophan synthase

Metabolic

g462t

GCG->GCT

A154A

nadB

NAD biosynthesis

Metabolic

c405t

GCC->GCT

A135A

rpoB

RNA polymerase

Regulator

a1664c

TAC->TCC

Y555S

rpoS

σ^S

Regulator

Δ1 bp (609)

Frameshift

kdtA

KDO transferase

Cell envlp.

g292a

GGG->AGG

G98R

osmF

ABC transporter involved in osmoprotection

Cell envlp.

ins T after 873

AAA->TAA

K292(stop)

proQ

Predicted structural transport element

Cell envlp.

g(-8)t

Promoter

LactH

rph-pyrE

RNase PH/orotate phosphoribosyltransferase

Metabolic

Δ82 bp

Frameshift

pdxB

Erythronate-4-phosphate dehydrogenase

Metabolic

g286t

GTG->TTG

V96L

ilvG_1

Acetolactate synthase II (pseudogene)

Metabolic

Δ1 bp (977)

Frameshift

rpoB

RNA polymerase

Regulator

Δ1 bp (4006)

Frameshift

kdtA

KDO transferase

Cell envlp.

g292a

GGG->AGG

G98R

wcaA

Glycosyl transferase

Cell envlp.

Δ4 bp (506509)

Frameshift

LactI

rph-pyrE

RNase PH/orotate phosphoribosyltransferase

Metabolic

Δ82 bp

Frameshift

relA

ppGpp synthetase

Regulator

g4c

GTT->CTT

V2L

proQ

Predicted structural transport element

Cell envlp.

ins T after 15

Frameshift, AAG->TAA

K6(stop)

LactJ

rph-pyrE

RNase PH/orotate phosphoribosyltransferase

Metabolic

Δ82 bp

Frameshift

mrdA

Peptidoglycan synthetase, PBP2

Cell envlp.

c157a

CGC->AGC

R53S

rpsA

30S ribosomal subunit

Translation

a490t

AAC->TAC

N164Y

kgtP

Á-ketoglutarate MFS transporter

Cell envlp.

g1083a

AAG->AAA

K361K

kgtP

Δ1 bp (1212)

Frameshift

Intergenic

g3630812t

LactK

ppsA

Phosphoenolpyruvate synthase

Metabolic

g61a

GTA->ATA

V21I

rpoC

RNA polymerase

Regulator

Δ9 bp (36113619)

In frame

V1204G

ryhA

Small RNA that interacts with Hfq

Regulator

c(-9)t

Promoter

treA

Trehalase

Osmotic

g676a

GCG->ACG

A226T

secE

Sec protein secretion complex

Cell envlp.

g350a

CGC->CAC

R117H

secF

Sec protein secretion complex

Cell envlp.

g109a

GCT->ACT

A37T

~40 kb duplication (1253000-1294000)