Table 1 The 21 brain regions examined in this study and their characteristics
From: Evolutionary rate and gene expression across different brain regions
Index | Brain tissue | Developmental origin | Median ER (human lineage) | Median ER (mouse-human) | Frequency of mammalian genes | Frequency of mammalian genes for SCS | Frequency of primate genes | Brain region specificity index (Tmax) | Correlation (P value) between ER and expression level (human-mouse) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Dorsal root ganglion | Spinal cord | 0.31 | 0.167 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.016248 | 0.12 | -0.0747 (1.4 × 10-14) |
2 | Medulla oblongata | Hindbrain | 0.28 | 0.102 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.005525 | 0.1 | -0.1844 (<10-16) |
3 | Pons | Hindbrain | 0.27 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.013158 | 0.11 | -0.1442 (<10-16) |
4 | Spinal cord | Spinal cord | 0.25 | 0.127 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.003704 | 0.11 | -0.1664 (<10-16) |
5 | Olfactory bulb | Subpallium (forebrain) | 0.28 | 0.126 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0 | 0.14 | -0.1475 (<10-16) |
6 | Trigeminal ganglion | Different developmental origin | 0.31 | 0.161 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.021223 | 0.12 | -0.0445 (4.7 × 10-6) |
7 | Ciliary ganglion | Different developmental origin | 0.29 | 0.154 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.015152 | 0.12 | -0.0710 (2.6 × 10-13) |
8 | Superior cervical ganglion | Different developmental origin | 0.31 | 0.161 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.013664 | 0.12 | -0.0335 (5.7 × 10-4) |
9 | Cerebellum | Hindbrain | 0.14 | 0.083 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.004357 | 0.11 | -0.1799 (<10-16) |
10 | Cerebellum peduncles | Hindbrain | 0.17 | 0.096 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.005102 | 0.12 | -0.1846 (<10-16) |
11 | Hypothalamus | Diencephalon (forebrain) | 0.27 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0 | 0.11 | -0.1922 (<10-16) |
12 | Thalamus | Diencephalon (forebrain) | 0.19 | 0.103 | 0.1 | 0.04 | 0 | 0.10 | -0.1903 (<10-16) |
13 | Subthalamic nucleus | Diencephalon (forebrain) | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.2 | 0.005362 | 0.10 | -0.1811 (<10-16) |
14 | Caudate nucleus | Subpallium (forebrain) | 0.26 | 0.105 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | 0.11 | -0.1817 (<10-16) |
15 | Globus pallidus | Subpallium (forebrain) | 0.23 | 0.107 | 0.12 | 0.1 | 0.010753 | 0.1 | -0.1733 (<10-16) |
16 | Amygdala | Subpallium (forebrain) | 0.21 | 0.084 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.002151 | 0.1 | -0.2294 (<10-16) |
17 | Cingulate cortex | Pallium (forebrain) | 0.2 | 0.094 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.1 | -0.1931 (<10-16) |
18 | Occipital lobe | (pallium) (forebrain) | 0.2 | 0.089 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0.09 | -0.2199 (<10-16) |
19 | Parietal lobe | Pallium (forebrain) | 0.22 | 0.119 | 0.1 | 0.14 | 0 | 0.1 | -0.1893 (<10-16) |
20 | Temporal lobe | Pallium (forebrain) | 0.21 | 0.104 | 0.13 | 0.1 | 0.006897 | 0.11 | -0.2214 (<10-16) |
21 | Prefrontal cortex | Pallium (forebrain) | 0.22 | 0.089 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.002299 | 0.1 | -0.1747 (<10-16) |