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Table 1 Recent genetic studies of complex diseases and traits in special populations

From: Isolated populations and complex disease gene identification

Complex disease/trait

Gene/locus

Population/isolate

Reference

Affective disorders

Several loci

Northern Sweden

[34]

Asthma

IRAK-M (interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M)

Sardinia

[74]

Asthma

CHI3L1 (chitinase 3-like 1)

Hutterites

[25]

Asthma

NPSR1 (neuropeptide S receptor 1)

Finland

[24]

Atrial fibrillation

4q25

Iceland

[11]

Bipolar disorder

5q31-34

Antioquia (Colombia), Central Valley of Costa Rica

[29]

Bone mineral density

Several loci

Iceland

[75]

Breast cancer

5p12, 2q35, 16q12

Iceland

[76, 77]

Myocardial infarction

9p21

Iceland

[8, 78]

Coronary heart disease

8p22

French Canadians

[79]

Crohn's disease

Several loci

French Canadians

[80]

Fasting glucose levels

G6PC2 (glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic, 2)/ABCB11 (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 11) region

Finland, Sardinia

[81]

Exfoliation glaucoma

LOXL1 (lysyl oxidase-like 1)

Iceland

[82]

Height

Several loci

Iceland

[13]

Height

GDF5 (growth differentiation factor 5)/UQCC (ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex chaperone) locus

Finland, Sardinia, Amish

[83]

Nicotine dependence and smoking-related diseases

15q24

Iceland

[84]

Obesity

FTO (fat mass and obesity associated), PFKP (phosphofructokinase, platelet)

Sardinia

[28]

Parkinson's disease

GBA (β-glucocerebrosidase)

Ashkenazi Jews

[37]

Pigmentation

Several genes

Iceland

[14, 15]

Prostate cancer

Xp11.22, 2p15, 17q

Iceland

[12, 85]

Psychotic and bipolar spectrum disorders

TSNAX (translin-associated factor X)/DISC1(disrupted in schizophrenia 1) locus

Finland

[86]

Psychosis

TGIF (TGFB-induced factor)

Central Valley of Costa Rica

[87]

Schizophrenia

DRD2 (dopamine D2 receptor)

Basques

[30]

Type 2 diabetes

CDKAL1 (CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1-like 1)

Iceland

[10]