Table 1 Genes acquired from non-organellar sources prior to the split of red algae and green plants

GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase*

β,γ-Proteobacteria

Cytosol

Arginine biosynthesis

Glycyl-tRNA synthetase

Bacteria

Plastid/mitochondria

Translation

Dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dapA)

γ-Proteobacteria

Plastid

Lysine biosynthesis

ThiC family protein

Bacteria

Plastid

Thiamine biosynthesis

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase

Chlamydiae

Plastid

Isoprenoid biosynthesis

Polynucleotide phosphorylase

Chlamydiae

Plastid

RNA degradation

ATP/ADP translocase ^†

Chlamydiae

Plastid

ATP/ADP transport

MGDG synthase ^†

Bacteria

Plastid

Lipid biosynthesis

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase ^†

Chlamydiae

Plastid

Phospholipid biosynthesis

Alpha amylase

Chlamydiae

Plastid

Carbohydrate metabolism

Sodium:hydrogen antiporter ^†

Chlamydiae

Plastid

Ion transport

3-Dehydroquinate synthase

β,γ-Proteobacteria

Plastid

Amino acid biosynthesis

2-Methylthioadenine synthetase

Bacteroidetes

Plastid

tRNA modification

Uroporphyrinogen-III synthase

Bacteria

Plastid

Porphyrin biosynthesis

ACT domain-containing protein ^†

γ-Proteobacteria

Plastid

Amino acid binding

4-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate synthase

Chlamydiae

Plastid

Isoprenoid biosynthesis

Queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase

Chlamydiae

Plastid

tRNA modification

SAM-dependent methyltransferase ^†

Bacteria

Cytosol

RNA binding

Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (fabF)

Chlamydiae

Plastid

Fatty acid biosynthesis

Semialdehyde dehydrogenase

α-Proteobacteria

Cytosol

Amino acid metabolism

Diaminopimelate decarboxylase (lysA)

Bacteria

Plastid

Lysine biosynthesis

Dihydrodipicolinate reductase (dapB)

Bacteria

Plastid

Lysine biosynthesis

Aspartate aminotransferase

Chlamydiae

Plastid

Lysine biosynthesis

Leucyl-tRNA synthetase

Bacteria

Plastid/mitochondria

Translation

Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase

Chlamydiae

Plastid/mitochondria

Translation

Ribosomal protein L11 methyltransferase

β,γ-Proteobacteria

Cytosol

Amino acid methylation

2-Methylthioadenine synthetase*

Bacteria

Cytosol

tRNA modification

GTP binding protein, typA

Chloroflexi

Plastid

Translation elongation

Cu-ATPase

Chlamydiae

Plastid

Ion transport

4-Diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase

Chlamydiae

Plastid

Isoprenoid biosynthesis

Enoyl-ACP reductase (fabI)

Chlamydiae

Plastid

Fatty acid biosynthesis

Histidinol-phosphate transaminase

Chloroflexi

Plastid

Histidine biosynthesis

Florfenicol resistance protein*

δ-Proteobacteria

Cytosol

Fe-S-cluster binding

23S rRNA (Uracil-5-)-methyltransferase

Chlamydiae

Plastid

RNA modification

Topoisomerase 6 subunit B ^†

Crenarchaea

Cytosol

Protein binding

tRNA methyltransferase

Bacteria

Plastid/cytosol

RNA processing

Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase

Bacteria

Cytosol

Translation