Figure 5From: Estrogen, not intrinsic aging, is the major regulator of delayed human wound healing in the elderlyGene expression changes identified in aged males are mirrored in ovx female mice. (a,b) Comparison of wound gene expression change between human males (old/young; left) and estrogen-deprived young female mice (ovx/intact; right). Arrows indicate direction of change, green up and red down. (a) Estrogen-regulated genes are similarly changed in both mouse and human. (b) In contrast, a gene identified as age-associated is unchanged in wounds from ovx female mice. (c) Genes categorized as both estrogen-regulated and age-associated were either unchanged in mouse (indicating predominant age-association) or similarly changed in both mouse and human (indicating predominant estrogen-regulation). (d) Demonstration that selected array-identified genes are directly estrogen regulated in mouse primary macrophages and/or fibroblasts in vitro. Results are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean; n = 3-6 per group.Back to article page