Transposon name | Transposon family | Tolerated cargo size | Target site sequence | Chromatic integration pattern |
---|---|---|---|---|
Minos (Drosophila hydei) [112] | Tc1 | Possibly similar to other Tc1/mariner transposons | TA [113] | No preference for genes. Gene hits dominantly target introns [114] |
Mos1 (Drosophila mauritiana) [115] | Mariner | Sensitive to increased cargo size [116] | TA [115] | Possibly similar to other Tc1/mariner transposons |
P element (Drosophila melanogaster) [44,45] | P | Usually the cargo size is not limiting utility (10 to 20 kb routinely handled) | Heterogenic [117] | Bias for 5' regulatory sequences [61,62] |
piggyBac (Trichoplusia ni cell line TN-368) [118] | piggyBac | Efficiency drops above 9.1 kb in pronucleus injected mice [68] | TTAA [119] | High preference for transcription units, (but the pattern is distinct from the P element pattern) [11,62,68] |
Sleeping Beauty (salmonid fish) [67] | Tc1 | Increased cargo size exponentially decreasing the efficiency in cultured cells [120] | TA [67] | Slight preference for genes. Gene hits dominantly target introns [12,121] |
Tc1 (Caenorhabditis elegans) [29] | Tc1 | Increased cargo size exponentially decreasing the efficiency in cultured cells [122] | TA [123] | Mild preference for introns in C. elegans [124] |
Tc3 (C. elegans) [125] | Tc1 | Possibly similar to Tc1 | TA [123] | Mild preference for introns in C. elegans [124] |
Tol2 (Oryzias latipes [medaka fish]) [126] | hAT | 11.7 kb did not reduce transgenesis rates in zebrafish [127]; >10 kb transposons jump efficiently in human cells [98] | Heterogenic [72] | May prefer the 5' regions of genes [128] |