Figure 2

Expression of Wnt genes in lithium and zinc treated embryos. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) analysis of all wingless int (Wnt) genes of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Measurements were done at blastula stage (20 hours) for lithium-treated embryos (purple bars) and gastrula stage (38 hours) for zinc-treated embryos (pink bars). Data are presented in a logarithmic style. Bars above 1 indicate upregulation and bars below 1 indicate downregulation. The numbers given on top or bottom of bars are the number of mRNA molecules/embryo in normal or treated embryos, respectively. For instance, the number of transcripts for wntA is 45 in normal 20 hours embryos and 17 in lithium-treated embryos (blue bar), and the number of transcripts of wnt5 is 940 in normal 20 hours embryos and 5,854 in lithium-treated 20 hours embryos. Where n.e. (not expressed) is indicated the gene is not expressed at this stage at all, either in control or in treated embryos. Also see Tables 1 and 3 and the text for further detail.