Quantification of ortholog losses in insects and vertebrates

Table 1 Losses in Tribolium and its (Coleoptera/Diptera) ancestor mapped to pathways using human orthologs

Pathway	Source	Genes	Total	Only in beetle	Significance
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction	KEGG	NPFFR1, NPFFR2, BZRP, TSPO, GALR1, GALR2, GALR3	6	6	0.099
ABC transporters - general	KEGG	ABCA1, ABCA4, ABCA12, ABCC5, ABCC12	5	3	4.73E-005*
Oxidative phosphorylation	KEGG	ATP6V0E, UCRC (7.2 kDa), NDUFA7, COX7C	4	4	0.04
Cell cycle	KEGG	CDC7, CCNE1, DBF4	3	3	0.12
Folate biosynthesis/starch and sucrose metabolism	KEGG	RAD54B, SETX	2	2	0.06
Alkaloid biosynthesis II	KEGG	DDHD1, SLC27A2	2	0	0.02^†
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton	KEGG	FGD1, IQGAP1	2	0
Cholera - infection	KEGG	ATP6V0E1, TRIM23	2	1	0.06
Purine metabolism	KEGG	PDE1C, POLR2L	2	2	0.49
Ribosome	KEGG	RPL29, RPL39	2	2	0.53
Neurodegenerative disorders	KEGG	BCL2L1, NGFR	2	0	0.06
Propanoate metabolism	KEGG	MLYCD, SLC27A2	2	0	0.07
Methionine metabolism	KEGG	DNMT1, DNMT3B	2	0
Oxidative stress induced gene expression via Nrf2	Biocarta	HMOX1, NGFR	2	1	0.02^†

The statistical significance of the coordinated losses of at least two genes per pathway was calculated using hypergeometric test (* p < 0.01,^†p < 0.05).

ISSN: 1474-760X