Figure 1

A phylogenetic tree of the arrestin family. Amino-acid sequence alignments were performed using ClustalW in the MEGA3 software. The phylogenetic tree was created using the neighbor-joining method (gap settings: pairwise deletions; distance method: number of differences). Numbers at selected nodes indicate the percentage frequencies of branch associations on the basis of 1,000 bootstrap repetitions (all percentages over 50 are displayed). Brackets on the right indicate subfamilies. The proteins included for each species, with accession numbers, are as follows: Ambystoma tigrinum (tiger salamander) rod arrestin (AAF14636) and cone arrestin (AAF14637); Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) arrestin1 (AAG54081), arrestin2 (DAA00888) and Kurtz-like (DAA00889); Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_623243 (predicted); Ascalaphus macaronius (neuropteran insect) CAC36938; Bos taurus (cattle) rod arrestin (NP_851343), cone arrestin (BAA94344), arrestin2 (NP_776668) and arrestin3 (P32120): C. elegans (nematode) NP_508183; Calliphora vicina (bluebottle fly) arrestin1 (P51486) and arrestin2 (P51487); Canis familiaris (dog) rod arrestin (NP_001003230); C. intestinalis (sea squirt) BAB60819; Danio rerio (zebrafish) cone arrestin (NP_001002405) and arrestin3 (NP_957418); D. melanogaster (fruit fly) arrestin1 (NP_476681), arrestin2 (NP_523976) and Kurtz (NP_524988); Drosophila miranda (fruit fly) arrestin2 (P19108); Gallus gallus (chicken) cone arrestin (XP_420156, predicted); Gekko gecko (tokay) cone arrestin (AAQ94621); Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm) AAB25861; Homo sapiens (human) rod arrestin (NP_000532), cone arrestin (AAB84302), arrestin2 (NP_004032 isoform A) and arrestin3 (NP_004304 isoform 1); Limulus polyphemus (Atlantic horseshoe crab) P51484; Locusta migratoria (migratory locust, insect) P32122; Loligo pealei (squid) AAK84368; Mus musculus (mouse) rod arrestin (AAH16498), cone arrestin (AAG38954), arrestin2 (NP_796205 isoform A) and arrestin3 (NP_663404); Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) arrestin (P51466); Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) arrestin2 (AAC48753); Oryzias latipes (killifish) rod1 arrestin (BAA82259), rod2 arrestin (BAA21718) and cone arrestin (BAA21719); Rana pipiens (northern leopard frog) rod (CAA63135) and cone (CAA63137); Rattus norvegicus (rat) rod (NP_037155), arrestin2 (NP_037042) and arrestin3 (NP_037043); Spermophilus tridecemlineatus (squirrel) cone arrestin (AAS89816); Sus scrofa (pig) rod arrestin (NP_999244) and cone arrestin (NP_999510); Xenopus laevis (frog) cone arrestin (AAH94203) and arrestin3-like (AAH76815); and Xenopus tropicalis rod arrestin (NP_989073).