Table 1 Sites and functions of histone lysine methylation
From: The SET-domain protein superfamily: protein lysine methyltransferases
Histone lysine | Function(s) | Histone lysine methyltransferases* |
|---|---|---|
H1 K26 | Transcriptional silencing | Hs EZH2 (catalytic subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 3) [3] |
H3 K4 | Transcriptional activation | Dm Trx; Hs MLL1 (ALL-1, HRX), MLL2 (ALR-1), and MLL3 (HALR) |
| Â | Transcriptional activation and elongation | Hs SET1; Sc SET1 |
| Â | Transcriptional activation | Hs SET7/9 |
| Â | Transcriptional activation (in conjunction with ASH1-mediated methylation of H3 K9 and H4 K20) | Dm ASH1 |
H3 K9 | Heterochromatic and euchromatic silencing; DNA methylation | Dm Su(var)3-9; Hs and Mm SUVAR39H1 and UVAR39H2; Sp CLR4 |
| Â | Euchromatic silencing; DNA methylation | Hs and Mm G9a; Hs GLP1 (EuHMT1) |
| Â | Euchromatic silencing | Hs and Mm ESET (SETDB1) |
| Â | Heterochromatic silencing; DNA methylation | Nc DIM-5 |
| Â | Heterochromatic silencing; DNA methylation | At KRYPTONITE |
| Â | Transcriptional activation (in conjunction with ASH1-mediated methylation of H3 K4 and H4 K20) | Dm ASH1 |
H3 K27 | Euchromatic silencing | Dm E(z); Hs EZH1 and EZH2 (catalytic subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 2) |
| Â | Euchromatic silencing | Hs and Mm G9a |
H3 K36 | Transcriptional elongation and silencing | Sc SET2 |
| Â | Transcriptional regulation | Mm NSD1 |
H3 K79 | Demarcation of euchromatin | Sc and Hs DOT1 (a non-SET domain histone lysine methyltransferase) |
H4 K20 | Cell cycle-dependent silencing, mitosis and cytokinesis [52,53] | Hs and Dm SET8 |
| Â | Heterochromatic silencing | Dm, Mm, and Hs SUV4-20H1 and SUV4-20H2 [48] |
| Â | Transcriptional regulation | Mm NSD1 |
| Â | Transcriptional activation (in conjunction with ASH1-mediated methylation of H3 K4 and H3 K9) | Dm ASH1 |
| Â | Recruitment of checkpoint protein Crb2 to sites of DNA damage | Sp SET9 [49] |