Quantitative genomics of starvation stress resistance in Drosophila

Table 1 Gene Ontology categories with sex-biased gene expression

Gene Ontology category	Number of upregulated probe sets		P-value*
	Females	Males
Biological process
Cell communication
Signal transduction	135	40	<0.0001
Cell growth and/or maintenance
Cell cycle	184	15	< 0.0001
Cell organization and biogenesis	207	65	< 0.0001
Transport	123	49	< 0.0001
Biosynthesis	238	43	< 0.0001
Catabolism	71	24	< 0.0001
Nucleic acid metabolism	374	28	< 0.0001
Phosphorous metabolism	147	60	<0.0001
Protein metabolism	495	113	< 0.0001
Development
Cell differentiation	33	11	7.41 × 10^-4
Embryonic development	126	27	< 0.0001
Morphogenesis	200	50	< 0.0001
Pattern specification	76	9	<0.0001
Post-embryonic	50	11	< 0.0001
Gametogenesis	164	20	< 0.0001
Other development	84	17	< 0.0001
Cell death	25	5	1.54 × 10^-4
Molecular function
Binding
DNA binding	310	46	< 0.0001
Nuclease	31	3	< 0.0001
RNA binding	180	38	< 0.0001
Translation factor	40	13	1.58 × 10^-4
Nucleotide binding	187	68	< 0.0001
Protein binding
Cytoskeletal protein binding	89	43	< 0.0001
Transcription factor binding	28	3	< 0.0001
Enzymes
Hydrolase enzyme
Acting on acid anhydrides	177	94	< 0.0001
Acting on ester bonds	113	56	< 0.0001
Kinase enzyme	156	62	< 0.0001
Ligase enzyme	52	18	< 0.0001
Oxidoreductase enzyme	69	139	< 0.0001
Transferase enzyme	327	105	< 0.0001
Other enzymes	88	16	< 0.0001
Signal transducer
Signal transducer - receptor signaling protein	89	14	< 0.0001
Structural molecule
Ribosome structure	137	8	< 0.0001
Transcription regulator	199	35	< 0.0001
Translation regulator	42	13	< 0.0001
Transporter
Carrier transporter	82	143	< 0.0001
Ion transporter	30	70	< 0.0001

ISSN: 1474-760X