Table 2 Survey of candidate genes previously implicated in Drosophila defense and immunity
From: Genome-wide gene expression in response to parasitoid attack in Drosophila
Functional classification of proteins or genes | Differentially expressed candidate gene | Cluster number |
|---|---|---|
Hemocyte proliferation and differentiationa | ||
   JAK/STAT pathway |  |  |
Ligands | - | Â |
Receptors | dome (CG14226), CG14225 | 2 |
JAK | hop (CG1594) | 2 |
STAT | - | Â |
Possible effector molecules | TepI (CG18096), TepII (CG7052), TepIV (CG10363) | 12 |
| Â | TotB (CG5609) | 8 |
   Toll pathway (in lymph glands) |  |  |
Ligands | - | Â |
Regulators of pathway | nec (CG1857) | 2 |
Receptors | Tl (CG5490) | 3 |
Intracellular signaling elements | - | Â |
NF-κB transcription factor | Relish (CG11992) | 4 |
   Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway | - |  |
   Notch pathway | - |  |
   VEGF receptor pathway | - |  |
   GATA factor homologs (e.g. srp) | - |  |
   RUNX/AML1-like proteins (lz) | - |  |
Cellular defense, in particular encapsulation b | ||
   Recognition/surface binding factors |  |  |
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (e.g. laminin, collagen IV, fibronectin) | dome (CG14226) | 2 |
| Â | prc (CG5700) | 14 |
| Â | Hml (CG7002) | 10 |
| Â | CG6788/CG32496 | 11 |
Integrins | αPS4 (CG16827) | 11 |
Immunoglobulin superfamily members | Pxn (CG12002) | 6 |
| Â | CG8100 | 10 |
| Â | CG14225 | 13 |
Scavenger receptors (CD36-like) | CG12789 | 4 |
| Â | CG2736 | 10 |
| Â | Tequila (CG4821) | 12 |
Possible pattern recognition receptors | lectin-24A (CG3410) | 12 |
G-protein type receptors | mthl2 (CG17795) | 11 |
   Surface helper molecules |  |  |
Vinculin, talin, paxillins | - | Â |
   Surface-associated signaling molecules |  |  |
Integrin-linked focal adhesion kinases (FAKs) | - | Â |
   Integral membrane proteins | rost (CG9552) | 4 |
| Â | Tsp42Ek (CG12841) | 9 |
   Intracellular signaling pathway factors |  |  |
Phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) | - | Â |
GTP-binding proteins (Ras/Rho family members) | - | Â |
Protein kinase C (PKCs) or PKC regulators | CG5958 (PKC transporter) | 10 |
Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPs) | dome (CG14226) | 2 |
Serine/threonine kinases | - | Â |
Scaffolding proteins (RACK) | - | Â |
Cytoskeletal proteins (actins, tubulins, for example) | αTub85E (CG9476), αTub84D (CG2512), αTub84E (CG1913), βTub60D (CG3401) | 11 |
   Eicosinoid pathway elements | - |  |
   Effector molecules |  |  |
NO pathway factors | - | Â |
PPO pathway factors | Dox-A3 (CG2952), CG11313, | 11 |
| Â | G8193, Bc (CG5779), | 9 |
| Â | Fmo-2 (CG3174) | 15 |
Porferins or related molecules | - | Â |
Tumor necrosis factor (TNFs) | CG13559 | 2 |
Humoral defense b | ||
   Humoral pattern-recognition receptors | PGRP-SB1 (CG9681) | 1 |
| Â | lectin-24A (CG3410) | 12 |
| Â | Hml (CG7002) | 10 |
   Serine proteases | CG3066 | 2 |
| Â | CG30414, CG30086, CG30090, Tequila (CG4821), CG16705, CG31780 / BG:DS07108.1 (CG18477), CG6639, CG3117, CG31827/BG:DS07108.5 (CG18478), CG18563, CG4793, CG4259 | 12 |
| Â | CG11313 | 11 |
| Â | CG16713 | 4 |
   Serpins and other protease inhibitors | nec | 2 |
| Â | CG6687, CG16712, CG16705, TepI (CG18096), TepII (CG7052), TepIV (CG10363) | 12 |
| Â | BcDNA:SD04019 (CG17278) | 14 |
| Â | CG16704 | 1 |
   Known ligand-like molecules (e.g. spz) | - |  |
   Surface receptors |  |  |
Toll and associated family members | TI (CG5490) | 3 |
   Toll or imd pathway (in fatbody) |  |  |
Intracellular signalling elements (e.g., tube, Pelle, DTRAF, DECSIT) | - | Â |
NF-κB transcription factor | Rel (CG11992) | 4 |
   Effector molecules or antimicrobial peptides | AttA (CG10146), AttB (CG18372) | 1 |
| Â | Mtk (CG8175), IM1 (CG18108), IM2 (CG18106), CG13422, CG15066 | 2 |
| Â | IM4 (CG15231), CG18279, CG16844 | 14 |
   Related apoptotic regulators |  |  |
Dredd | - | Â |
Ubiquitins | - | Â |
   PPO and associated pathway molecules | Dox-A3 (CG2952) | 11 |
   Melanin and free-radical intermediates | Fmo-2 (CG3174) | 15 |