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Table 1 Properties of human COX-1 and COX-2 and the genes encoding them

From: The cyclooxygenases

Property

COX-1

COX-2

Chromosomal location of gene

9q32-q33.3

1q25.2-25.3

Copy number of gene

Single

Single

Gene size

About 22 kb

About 8 kb

Number of exons

11

10

Number of introns

10

9

Length of primary mRNA

2.8 kb

4.5 kb

Length of differentially polyadenylated variants

4.5 kb, 5.2 kb

4.0 kb, 2.8 kb

Lengths of splice variants

See [13,34]

See [13,34]

Length of coding region

1,797 nucleotides

1,812 nucleotides

Putative transcription regulatory elements found in:

  

   promoter

TATA-less

TATA box

   5' upstream region*

AP-2, GATA-1, NF-IL6, NFκB, PEA-3, SP-1, SSRE

AP-2, C/EBP, CRE, GATA-1, GRE, NF-IL6, NFκB, PEA-3, SP-1

   3' untranslated region

 

AUUUA repeats

Expression

Constitutive

Inducible (by cytokines, growth factors and so on [10,35])

Length of protein (with signal peptide)

599 amino acids

604 amino acids

Length of mature protein (without signal peptide)

576 amino acids

581 amino acids

Number of glycosylation sites

3

3-4 (variable)

Cofactors

Heme

Heme

Substrates

Arachidonic acid

Arachidonic acid and others

Quaternary structure

Homodimer

Homodimer

Subcellular location

Endoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope

  1. Information from [10,13,35]. *Abbreviations: CRE, cyclic AMP response element; GATA-1, binding site containing GATA sequence bound by the GATA 1 transcription factor; GRE, glucocorticoid-response element; SSRE, shear-stress response element; other abbreviations denote the transcription factors bound by the regulatory elements shown: AP-2, activator protein 2; C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein; NF-IL6, nuclear factor for interleukin 6; NFκB, nuclear factor κB; PEA-3, polyoma enhancer activator; SP-1, transcription factor SP-1.