Table 2 Experimentally verified myristoylated proteins and their subcellular localizations

GTP-binding proteins

G-protein alpha subunits (G_αi), G_αz), G_αo), G_αt))

Type-dependent (receptor-specificity); for example, cytosol/plasma membrane (lipid rafts)

[25, 95]

ADP ribosylation factors (ARF) and ARF-like (ARL)

Type-dependent; cytosol, intracellular membranes, cytoskeleton, nucleus/nucleolus (for example, ARL4, ARL5)

[109, 110]

Rab5-related (Ara6)

Cytosol, endosomes, ER, plasma membrane

[26]

S/T-kinases

Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent kinases

Type-dependent; for example, cytosol, plasma membrane, ER membrane

[111]

Fen, Pto and related S/T-kinases

Cytosol, plasma membrane (~)

[112]

cAMP-dependent kinases (PKA catalytic subunit)

(Nucleus)/cytosol/(plasma membrane over anchoring proteins)

[113, 114]

cGMP-dependent kinase II

(Cytosol)/plasma membrane

[115]

Ca2+-binding EF-hand proteins

Recoverin, neuronal calcium sensor, visinin, frequenin, neurocalcin, hippocalcin,

Type-dependent, triggered by Ca²⁺/myristoyl switch; for example, cytosol, plasma membrane, Golgi, neurofilament-rich structures

[78, 116]

Calcineurin B phosphatase subunit, p22

Cytosol, plasma membrane (phosphatidylserine-rich regions), microtubule cytoskeleton (p22)

[117, 118]

Guanylate cyclase activators

Cytosol/rod outer segment membranes of photoreceptor cells

[119]

DNA-dependent kinase interacting protein KIP = calcium and integrin binding protein CIB = calmyrin

Cytosol, plasma membrane, ER, nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, cytoskeleton

[120, 121]

Other

Tyrosine kinases (Abl, Blk, Fgr, Fyn, Hck, Lck, Lyn, Src, Yes)

Type-dependent; for example, cytosol/plasma membrane (lipid rafts/caveolae)

[122, 123]

t-Actin (15 kDa carboxy-terminal fragment of cytoskeletal actin after caspase cleavage)

Cytosol, mitochondrial membrane

[16, 124]

26S ATP/ubiquitin-dependent protease regulatory subunit 4

Nucleus, cytosol, microsomes

[16, 62, 125]

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)

Cytosol, Golgi, plasma membrane (lipid rafts/caveolae)

[126, 127]

Golgi reassembly stacking protein 1 (65 kDa) and 2 (55 kDa)

Golgi membrane

[128, 129]

Myristoylated alanine-rich carboxy-kinase substrate (MARCKS)

Cytosol, cytoskeleton, plasma membrane (lipid rafts)

[101]

Flagellar calcium-binding proteins in trypanosomes

Flagellar membrane

[130]

NADH cytochrome b-5 reductase (diaphorase)

Cytosol, ER membrane, mitochondrial outer membrane

[131]

43 kDa acetylcholine receptor-associated protein of the synapse (RAPSYN)

Cytosol, Golgi, plasma membrane (lipid rafts/caveolae)

[99]

S/T protein phosphatase + EF hand (PPEF)

Axons, dendrites, ciliar membranes

[132]

Hydrophilic acylated surface protein B (HASPB)

Extracellular (!) face of the plasma membrane

[31]

Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2 (Pallidin)

Plasma membrane, intracellular vesicles

[133]

Vps15 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-associated p150)

Cytosol, intracellular membranes (late Golgi)

[134]

Neuronal axonal membrane protein NAP-22 (brain acid soluble protein 1 BASP1; CAP23)

Golgi, plasma membrane (lipid rafts)

[97]

SSeCKS (A-kinase anchor protein 12)

Cytosol, cytoskeleton, plasma membrane

[135]

Sip2, beta subunits of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase

Cytosol, plasma membrane

[136]

T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing protein 1 (TIAM1 protein)

Cytosol, plasma membrane

[137]

PSD-Zip70, FEZ1

Neuronal membranes (postsynaptic density, dendritic rafts), plasma membrane (lipid rafts)

[138]

S/T protein phosphatase Z

Nucleus

[139]

Annexin XIII

Cytosol, Golgi, plasma membrane (apical, lipid rafts)

[100]

Ezrin-binding partner PACE-1

Cytosol, Golgi, lamellipodia

[140]

BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID)

Cytosol, mitochondrial membrane

[45]

Calpastatin (testis-specific isoform tCAST)

Cytosol, intracellular membranes

[141]

A-kinase anchor protein 200

Cytosol, plasma membrane

[142]

Golgi-associated PR-1 protein

Golgi, plasma membrane (lipid rafts/caveolae)

[143]

Vps20 (vacuolar protein sorting)

Cytosol, endosomal membranes

[144]

Adenylate kinase 1

Cytosol, plasma membrane

[145]

A-kinase anchor protein 7 (18)

Cytosol, plasma membrane

[114]

2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase splice form 2

Cytosol, rough ER, ribosomes, nucleus

[57]

NADH ubiquinone dehydrogenase B18

Mitochondrial membrane

[146]

Hisactophilin 1 and 2 (Histidine-rich actin binding protein)

Cytosol, plasma membrane, nucleus

[147]

Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C in T. cruzi

Cytosol, plasma membrane

[28]

Actin-myosin network maintenance protein Nullo

Plasma membrane (metaphase furrows during mitosis, cellularization front)

[148]

t-Gelsolin (fragment after caspase cleavage)

Not determined for myristoylated form, cytoskeleton(?)

[124]

Igloo (growth associated protein)

Cytosol, neuronal membranes

[149]

Flagellar creatine kinase (ATP:guanido phosphotransferase)

Sperm tail membranes

[150]