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Table 2 Predicted attenuators in the genome of E. coli

From: Identification of attenuation and antitermination regulation in prokaryotes

ID

Z-score

Known

Upstream promotera

Geneb

b4119

-9.279

  

alpha-galactosidase (melA)

b2019

-7.560

ATP phosphoribosyltransferase (hisG)

b3828

-7.143

  

regulator for metE and metH (metR)

b3543

-7.009

  

dipeptide transport system permease protein 1 (dppB)

b4118

-6.911

  

regulator of melibiose operon (melR)

b2425

-6.168

 

thiosulfate binding protein (cysP)

b0560

-5.838

 

bacteriophage DNA packaging protein (nohB)

b4385

-5.755

  

hypothetical protein (yjjJ)

b3866

-5.703

  

hypothetical protein (yihI)

b0689

-5.697

  

putative pectinase (ybfP)

b1548

-5.638

 

homolog of Qin prophage packaging protein NU1 (nohA)

b1825

-5.573

 

hypothetical protein

b0611

-5.528

  

RNase I, cleaves phosphodiester bond between any two nucleotides (rna)

b2622

-5.470

  

prophage CP4-57 integrase (intA)

b3066

-5.002

  

DNA biosynthesis; DNA primase (dnaG)

b0654

-4.844

  

glutamate/aspartate transport system permease (gltJ)

b1978

-4.772

 

putative factor

b3767

-4.529

 

acetolactate synthase II, large subunit, cryptic, interrupted (ilvG_1)

b2119

-4.518

 

hypothetical protein (yehL)

b2792

-4.444

  

hypothetical protein

b0902

-4.443

 

pyruvate formate lyase activating enzyme 1 (pflA)

b3871

-4.352

 

putative GTP-binding factor (yihK)

b2937

-4.347

 

agmatinase (speB)

b0939

-4.300

  

putative chaperone (ycbR)

b1431

-4.280

 

hypothetical protein

b0890

-4.275

  

cell division protein (ftsK)

b2632

-4.177

 

putative GTP-binding protein (yfjP)

b0048

-4.168

 

dihydrofolate reductase type I (folA)

b0336

-4.133

  

cytosine permease/transport (codB)

b2517

-4.076

 

hypothetical protein (yfgB)

b3438

-4.018

  

regulator of gluconate (gnt) operon (gntR)

b2599

-3.945

chorismate mutase-P and prephenate dehydratase (pheA)

b3671

-3.923

acetolactate synthase I, valine-sensitive, large subunit (ilvB)

b2775

-3.907

 

putative transport protein (yqcE)

b2609

-3.891

 

30S ribosomal subunit protein S16 (rpsP)

b3181

-3.889

  

transcription elongation factor: cleaves 3' nucleotide of paused mRNA (greA)

b3983

-3.861

 

50S ribosomal subunit protein L11 (rplK)

b3722

-3.823

 

PTS beta-glucosides enzyme II, cryptic (bglF)

b0002

-3.788

aspartokinase I, homoserine dehydrogenase I (thrA)

b0196

-3.759

  

regulator in colanic acid synthesis; interacts with RcsB (rcsF)

b0007

-3.711

  

inner membrane transport protein (yaaJ)

b3513

-3.694

  

putative membrane protein (yhiU)

b3088

-3.669

 

putative transport protein (ygjT)

b4178

-3.630

 

hypothetical protein (yjeB)

b3752

-3.573

 

ribokinase (rbsK)

b2643

-3.572

  

hypothetical protein (yfjX)

b0074

-3.559

2-isopropylmalate synthase (leuA)

b2096

-3.530

 

tagatose-bisphosphate aldolase 1 (gatY)

b0170

-3.506

elongation factor EF-Ts (tsf)

b0610

-3.506

 

regulator of nucleoside diphosphate kinase (rnk)

b3813

-3.503

 

DNA-dependent ATPase I and helicase II (uvrD)

b1851

-3.446

  

6-phosphogluconate dehydratase (edd)

b2359

-3.395

 

hypothetical protein

b4245

-3.387

 

aspartate carbamoyltransferase, catalytic subunit (pyrB)

b4377

-3.374

 

hypothetical protein (yjjU)

b3298

-3.362

 

30S ribosomal subunit protein S13 (rpsM)

b0606

-3.358

  

alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, F52a subunit (ahpF)

b0018

-3.350

 

Gef protein interferes with membrane function when in excess (gef)

b2958

-3.329

  

hypothetical protein (yggN)

b3822

-3.303

  

ATP-dependent DNA helicase (recQ)

b0241

-3.292

  

outer membrane pore protein E (phoE)

b0680

-3.260

  

glutamine tRNA synthetase (glnS)

b0404

-3.233

  

putative glycoprotein (yajB)

b3337

-3.232

 

hypothetical protein (yheA)

b3190

-3.181

  

hypothetical protein (yrbA)

b0860

-3.147

  

arginine 3rd transport system periplasmic binding protein (artJ)

b1922

-3.115

 

flagellar biosynthesis; regulation of flagellar operons (fliA)

b2836

-3.103

  

2-acyl-glycerophospho-ethanolamine acyltransferase; acyl-acyl-carrier protein synthetase (aas)

b3915

-3.087

  

putative transport system permease protein (yiiP)

b3310

-3.083

 

50S ribosomal subunit protein L14 (rplN)

b0119

-3.018

  

hypothetical protein (yacL)

b3748

-3.005

  

D-ribose high-affinity transport system; membrane-associated protein (rbsD)

b2313

-2.990

 

membrane protein required for colicin V production (cvpA)

b1352

-2.967

 

hypothetical protein (ydaD)

b0441

-2.961

  

putative protease maturation protein (ybaU)

b3161

-2.947

  

tryptophan-specific transport protein (mtr)

b1614

-2.888

 

hypothetical protein (ydgA)

b3528

-2.862

 

uptake of C4-dicarboxylic acids (dctA)

b2514

-2.812

 

histidine tRNA synthetase (hisS)

b3390

-2.810

 

shikimate kinase I (aroK)

b1253

-2.808

  

hypothetical protein (yciA)

b2724

-2.808

 

probable small subunit of hydrogenase-3, iron-sulfur protein (part of formate hydrogenlyase (FHL) complex) (hycB)

b4242

-2.806

  

Mg2+ transport ATPase, P-type 1 (mgtA)

b0208

-2.804

  

putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type (yafC)

b1479

-2.790

 

NAD-linked malate dehydrogenase (malic enzyme) (sfcA)

b1838

-2.749

 

protein phosphatase 1 modulates phosphoproteins, signals protein misfolding (pphA)

b0189

-2.741

 

hypothetical protein (yaeO)

b1264

-2.717

 

anthranilate synthase component I (trpE)

b4313

-2.706

 

recombinase involved in phase variation; regulator for fimA (fimE)

b3573

-2.691

  

hypothetical protein (yiaI)

b3642

-2.675

 

orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (pyrE)

b0034

-2.646

 

transcriptional regulator of cai operon (caiF)

b2176

-2.635

  

hypothetical protein (rtn)

b1769

-2.618

  

putative transport protein (ydjE)

b1561

-2.605

  

hypothetical protein (rem)

b1050

-2.605

  

hypothetical protein (yceK)

b2643

-2.604

  

hypothetical protein (yfjX)

b0248

-2.604

  

hypothetical protein (yafX)

b4278

-2.591

 

IS4 hypothetical protein (yi41)

b3560

-2.583

  

glycine tRNA synthetase, alpha subunit (glyQ)

b3723

-2.565

positive regulation of bgl operon (bglG)

b1689

-2.560

 

hypothetical protein

b3632

-2.528

 

lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis (rfaQ)

b1404

-2.521

 

IS30 transposase (tra8_2)

b2014

-2.519

 

putative amino acid/amine transport protein (yeeF)

b2924

-2.487

  

putative transport protein (yggB)

b0070

-2.433

 

putative transport protein (yabM)

b4037

-2.409

 

periplasmic protein of mal regulon (malM)

b2359

-2.405

  

hypothetical protein

b3571

-2.393

 

alpha-amylase (malS)

b4082

-2.370

  

putative membrane protein (yjcR)

b0174

-2.360

 

hypothetical protein (yaeS)

b4392

-2.359

  

soluble lytic murein transglycosylase (slt)

b2938

-2.347

 

biosynthetic arginine decarboxylase (speA)

b2443

-2.331

 

hypothetical protein

b4090

-2.296

 

ribose 5-phosphate isomerase B (rpiB)

b2140

-2.289

 

putative regulator protein (yohI)

b1861

-2.274

 

Holliday junction helicase subunit B (ruvA)

b3196

-2.274

 

hypothetical protein (yrbG)

b3054

-2.268

  

hypothetical protein (ygiF)

b1761

-2.252

  

NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (gdhA)

b0763

-2.248

 

molybdate-binding periplasmic protein; permease (modA)

b0909

-2.234

  

putative heat shock protein (ycaL)

b3954

-2.233

 

putative ARAC-type regulatory protein (yijO)

b3440

-2.232

 

putative regulator (yhhX)

b3074

-2.225

  

putative tRNA synthetase (ygjH)

b0605

-2.218

 

alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, C22 subunit; detoxification of hydroperoxides (ahpC)

b1053

-2.218

  

putative transport protein (yceE)

b1284

-2.210

 

putative DEOR-type transcriptional regulator

b0068

-2.206

  

thiamin-binding periplasmic protein (tbpA)

b0681

-2.204

  

hypothetical protein (ybfM)

b2150

-2.158

 

galactose-binding transport protein; receptor for galactose taxis (mglB)

b3349

-2.153

 

FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (rotamase) (slyD)

b2298

-2.148

  

putative S-transferase (yfcC)

b0554

-2.133

 

hypothetical protein (ybcR)

b1778

-2.121

  

hypothetical protein (yeaA)

b1829

-2.092

 

heat shock protein, integral membrane protein (htpX)

b2685

-2.084

  

multidrug resistance secretion protein (emrA)

b2456

-2.069

  

detox protein (cchB)

b4284

-2.067

 

IS30 transposase (tra8_3)

b1002

-2.064

 

periplasmic glucose-1-phosphatase (agp)

b0854

-2.059

 

periplasmic putrescine-binding protein; permease protein (potF)

b1368

-2.051

  

putative alpha helix protein

b3088

-2.048

 

putative transport protein (ygjT)

b0347

-2.019

 

3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate hydroxylase (mhpA)

b1663

-2.018

 

putative transport protein (ydhE)

  1. First column is gene ID, second is Z score based on method in Materials and methods. Third column is checked if an attenuator has already been shown experimentally. Fourth column indicates if a promoter was predicted from NNPP program. Fifth column lists gene description. a The NNPP program (cutoff = 0.8) 26,27 was used for the upstream promoter prediction b GenBank annotation was used for gene definitions and gene names