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Table 1 Three groups of known and putative GshAs

From: Lateral gene transfer and parallel evolution in the history of glutathione biosynthesis genes

Group 1

 

Group 2

 

Group 3

 

Primarily gamma-proteobacteria

 

Eukaryotes (except plants)

 

Primarily alpha-proteobacteria and plants*

 

Escherichia coli

Gamma-proteo-bacteria

Homo sapiens

Mammals

Mesorhizobium loti

Alpha-proteo-bacteria

Salmonella typhimurium

 

Mus musculus

 

Sinorhizobium meliloti

 

Vibrio cholerae

 

Rattus norvegicus

 

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

   

Caulobacter crescentus

 

Proteus mirabilis

   

Zymomonas mobilis

 

Pasteurella multocida

     

Buchnera sp. APS

     

(Clostridium acetobutylicum)

Low-GC Gram-positive

Onchocerca volvulus

Nematode

Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants

  

Caenorhabditis elegans

 

Pisum sativum

 
    

Picea abies

 
    

Glycine max

 
    

Lycopersicon esculentum

 
  

Drosophila melanogaster

Fly

Xylella fastidiosa

Gamma-proteo-bacterium

  

Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Fungi

(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

High-GC Gram-positive

  

Candida albicans

 

(Streptomyces coelicolor)

 
  

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

   
  

Plasmodium falciparum

Apicom plexa

(Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4)

Low-GC Gram-positive

  

Leishmania tarentolae

Kineto plastids

Halobacterium sp.

Archaeon

  

Trypanosoma cruzi

 

NRC-1

 
  1. Members of each group have no statistically significant relationship with members of other groups on the basis of pairwise sequence identities. Parentheses designate cases for which assignment of function is tentative because the ability of these organisms to synthesize γ-Glu-Cys has not been demonstrated. *PSI-BLAST outputs for the Group 3 GshAs include proteins not listed here that may be distant homologs in Archaeoglobus fulgidus (gi11499888), E. coli (gi15800294), S. typhimurium (gi16763960), S. enterica (gi16759543), and P. aeruginosa (gi15597377). These proteins have only about 15% identity to group 3 GshAs over part of their lengths, and their functions are unknown.