Fig. 9

The illustration of biases categorization with NAB and NMB. Variants positioned within the green circle with a radius of 0.1 at the origin are classified as balance. Variants in the yellow region along the diagonal are categorized as bias “loss”. The blue region, where \(|\text {NMB}| > 0.1\) and excluding the bias “loss” region classifies variants as either bias “flux” or bias “local”. The classification between “flux” or “local” is determined by if there are more than 5 reads being mismapped to the site. Variants falling outside these categories are classified as outliers. NAB: normalized assignment balance, NMB: normalized mapping balance