Fig. 5

Abundance of the metabolites that correlate with the putative carnitine transporter and corresponding gene loci of three yogurts made from starter cultures only and 44 yogurts made with additional Propionibacterium freudenreichii isolates. The figure is divided into two parts, depending on the completeness of the carnitine gene cluster of the isolates: the isolates on a blue background have a complete gene cluster, and the isolates on a red background have an incomplete gene cluster, resulting in varying metabolite compositions. A Heat map of the scaled metabolite abundances. Scale: blue (low) to average (white) to red (high). B Scale factor of each metabolite. C Color bar that indicates whether the mass spectrometry database suggested a match with carnitine in the name (green) or not (grey). The suggested names are shown below. Names highlighted in green were confirmed with standard substances. D Comparison of the associated gene cluster spanning from the MFS transporter (red) to fixX (dark blue). E Annotations of the orthogroups. Genes that belong to the same orthogroup are highlighted in the same color. The caiABC genes are colored in shades of green and the fixABCX genes in shades of blue. The putative carnitine transporter and hydrolase identified using Scoary2 are highlighted in red and violet, respectively