Fig. 2

Comparison of bladder isolates with vaginal and gut isolates. A Venn diagram showing the number of bacterial species isolated from asymptomatic individuals shared among three different niches: bladder (blue; n = 68), vagina (red; n = 74), and gut (yellow; n = 175). Reference genomes of the vagina and gut isolated from asymptomatic donors were obtained from previous studies. Bladder isolates from female asymptomatic controls were used in the comparison. B, C DAPC and PCoA of KEGG functional diversity of bacterial species isolated from the asymptomatic individuals of different niches. D, E Volcano plots of t tests corrected by the Benjamini and Hochberg method for changes in KOfam functions between the bladder and the vagina and between the bladder and the gut. An FDR cutoff of 0.01 and [logFC] > 0.3 were used. Data points highlighted in red indicate the KOfam functions that were significantly enriched in the gut or vagina, while data points highlighted in blue indicate the KOfam functions that were significantly enriched in the bladder. F KO modules that were enriched in the bladder compared with the gut and/or vagina. An FDR cutoff of 0.01 and more than 10% prevalence in all bladder genomes were used. G Selected KOfam functions that were enriched in the bladder as compared with the gut and/or vagina. Functions that had at least 10% prevalence in all bladder genomes with an FDR cutoff of 0.01 were used